body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #ffffff;
color: black;
}
/* ================= END VIEWPORT SETUP =================== */

#header {  /* contains all top matter including glow-tabs; not jump link or category tab which are part of top matter  */
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
position: relative;
top: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: #f0f8ff;
height: 11em;
padding-top: 1em;
}


/* Start the top nav bar (home, sitemap, about links)  */
#topnav {
position: absolute; 
top: 0.7em;
right: 2em;
background-color: #f0f8ff;
text-align: right;
font-size: 90%;
border: none;
height: 65px;
}

#topnav a:link, #topnav a:visited, #topnav a:hover {
display: inline;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #f0f8ff;
}

#topnav a:visited {
color:  #00008b;
background-color: #f0f8ff;
}

/* End the top nav bar  */



/* ====================== END HEADER ======================= */


#wrapper {  /* start after header closes, sets pages width */
width: 96%;
margin: 0 auto;
}

#page {  /* start (immediately) after wrapper, sets text width  */
width: 100%;
max-width: 45em;
font-family: "Palatino Linotype", "Bookman Old Style", Georgia, "Bitstream Charter", serif;
line-height: 1.2;
margin: 0 auto;
font-size: 110%;
}

/* jump link, cateogry, H1 heading, and intro para. */
#top-matter {  
text-align: center;
margin: 0 auto;
}

#cat-line {
float: left;
width: 100%;
display: block;
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 2em;
padding-top: 0.6em;
}

#jumplink{  /* Place the posted date inside the cat-line block oin the left */
float: left;
font-size: 90%;
margin-left: 1em;
}

#category {  /* Place the "categorized as" tab inside the cat-line block at the right */
float: right;
margin:  0;
font-size: 90%;
color: #607b8b;
text-align: right;
margin-right: 1em;
}

#category a:link, .category a:visited, .category a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
padding: 0.1em;
background-color: #ffffff;
}

#category a:hover {
display: inline;
margin-bottom: 0;
}

#category img {
border: none;
vertical-align: text-bottom;
}


h1 {
text-align: center;
font : 180% georgia, "Bookman Old Style",serif;
}

/* ================= END TOP-MATTER =================== */

#main-text {
margin-left: 1em;
text-align: left;
font-size: 100%;
width: 100%;
}

/* ========== Typography ========== */
p {
text-align: left;
font-size: 100%;
line-height: 120%;
width: 100%;
}

p a:link  {
display: inline;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #ffffff;
color: #0000CD;
text-decoration: underline;
}

p a:visited {
display: inline;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
text-decoration: underline;
background-color: #ffffff;
color: #00008b;
}

p a:hover {
display: inline;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
text-decoration: none;
}

.head { /* colored h2 text head for topical index jump list */
font-size: 160%;
color: #528B8B;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-style : italic;
text-align: center;
background: none;
border: none;
margin: 0;
}


/* ================ LIST SHAPES ================= */

ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style-type: none;
margin-bottom: 1em;
text-decoration: none;
}

ul.ball-list{
list-style-type: none;
text-align: left;
padding: 0;
padding-left: 2em;
margin: 0;
}

ul.ball-list a:link{
display: inline;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
text-decoration: underline;
}

ul.ball-list a:hover{
display: inline;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
text-decoration: none;
}


.smallball {
margin: 0.4em 0 0.5em 0; 
margin-top: 0.4em;
padding: 0;
padding-left: 2em;
list-style-type: none;
background-image: none;
}

ul.smallball li {
list-style-type: none;
padding-left: 1.3em;
background: url(../art/smallball.gif) no-repeat left top;
text-align: left;
margin-top: 0.2em;
margin-bottom: 0;
margin-left: 1em;
font-size: 92%;
}

/* ===================== END LIST SHAPES ===================== */


/*================= TEXT-OBJECT ENTRY FORMAT ============= */

.index-name {
width: 100%;
display: block;
background-color: #fffacd;
border: 1px solid #e6e6fa;
padding: 0.1em;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 110%;
}

.index li {
width: 100%;
margin-top: 1.5em;
line-height: 120%;
padding: 0;
text-decoration: none;
}

.index-name a:link, .index-name a:visited, .index-name a:hover {
display: block;
text-decoration: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.1em;
padding-left: 0.8em;
font-size: 110%;
background-color: #fffacd;
}

.index-name a:visited  {
color: #00008B;
margin: 0;
padding-left: 0.8em;
background: transparent url(../art/checkmark1.gif) no-repeat left center;
}

.index-name a:hover {
background-color:  #ffffff;
}

.nonlink {
width: 100%;
display: block;
color: black;
background-color: #F5F5F5;
border: 1px solid #e6e6fa;
padding: 0.2em;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 120%;
font-weight: normal;
}

.ref {  /*  paragraph that is the (linked) entry title*/
margin-bottom: 0;
}

.author-name {  /* author name or "Website column"; don't use 'by Peter Sandman' alone. */
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-size: 95%;
margin-bottom: 0;
margin-left: 1.6em;
}

.published {  /* citation, or posted date  */
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #ffffff;
font-size: 95%;
margin-left: 1.6em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
margin-top: 0;
}

.published a:link, .published a:visited {
background-color: #ffffff;
text-decoration: underline;
}

.published a:hover {
background-color: #ffffff;
text-decoration: none;
}

.blurb {  /* the text description, as many paras as needed.*/
width: 94%;
font-size: 0.9em;
margin-left: 2.9em;
margin-right: 0.6em;
margin-top: 0;
background-color: #ffffff;
}

.blurb a:link  {
display: inline;
background-color: #ffffff;
text-decoration: underline;
}

.blurb a:visited {
display: inline;
text-decoration: underline;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
color: #00008b;
background-color: #ffffff;
}

.blurb a:hover {
display: inline;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #ffffff;
text-decoration: none;	
}

li.translated {
margin-left: 2em;
display: block;
}

.translated { /* this is the translated linked title  */
display: inline;
font-size: 100%;
color: #00008b;
background-color: #f0ffff;
}

.translated a:link, .translated a:visited .translated a:hover {
margin-left: 1em;
display: inline;
font-size: 90%;
background-color: #f0ffff;
color: #00008b;
}

.translated a:visited {
background-color: #f0ffff;
color: #00008b;
}

.translated a:hover{
background-color: #ffffff;
}

/*  The topical indexes do not get location or cat-tab entries They end after the blurb..*/

/* ======== END TEXT-OBJECT ENTRY FORMATs ========== */


/* ======== Graphics ========== */
img.brdr {
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
border: 2px solid black;
}

img.nobrdr {
border: none;
background: none;
}

.center {
margin: 1em auto;
text-align: center;
}

img.right {
float: right;
border: 1px solid black;
}
/* ======= End graphics =========== */

/* ======== start all footers ========= */
#all-ftr { /* contains all the footers */
color: #191970;
text-align: center;
margin: 2em auto 0 auto;
width: 100%;
height: 130px;
border-top: 3px solid #6699cc;
background-color: #f0f8ff;
}

#footer1{  /* footer 1 = comment tabs */
clear:both;
display: block;
text-align: center; /* to center box in IE  */
margin: auto;
height: 80px;
width: 100%;
padding-top: 1em;
text-decoration: none;
}

#footer1 ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 1em auto;
text-align: center;
padding: 0.4em;
text-decoration: none;
border: none;
}

#footer1 li{
display: inline;
text-decoration: none;
text-align: center;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 1em;
width: 100%;
border: none;
}

#footer1 img {
text-decoration: none;
border: none;
}


#footer1 a:link, #footer1 a:visited, #footer1 a:hover{
display: inline;
text-decoration: none;
border: none;
background-color: #f0f8ff;
}

div#footer2{  /* footer 2 = contact info */
display: block;
text-align: center; /* to center box in IE  */
line-height: 1.1em;
width: 100%;
height: 15em;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0 1em 0 1em;
background-color: #f0f8ff;
}

#footer2 table {
text-align: left;
margin: 0 auto;
width: 36em;
max-width: 45em;
border: none;
}

#footer2 td {
vertical-align: top;
width: 50%;
padding-left: 2em;
}

#footer2 h3 {
margin: 1em 0 0 0;
padding: 0;
}

.validation {  /*validation graphic and SnowTao link */
clear: both;
color: #191970;
text-align: center;
margin: 1em auto 0 auto;
width: 100%;
background-color: #f0f8ff;
}

.valid img{
text-align: center;
margin: 0 auto;
background-color: transparent;
border: 3px solid #e6e6fa;
}

/* open Snowtao */
.snowtao {
color: #191970;
margin-bottom: 0;
padding: 6px;
font-size: 0.9em;
text-align: center;
}

.snowtao a:link, .snowtao a:visited {
background-color: #f0f8ff;
}
/* close Snowtao */

/* ======== End all footers ========= */


.bigdivider { /* Blue full-width bar;4 px high. Use a content-empty para. */
position: relative;
margin-top: 1.5em;
border-top: 4px solid #4682B4;
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}

.smalldivider { /* White divider space. Use a content-empty para. */
position: relative;
margin-top: 1.5em;
border-top: 4px solid white;
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}


.right {
float: right;
}